Introduction

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. This leads to weakness, numbness, and, in severe cases, paralysis. While medical intervention is crucial for managing the acute phase, physiotherapy plays a vital role in rehabilitation and functional recovery.

Understanding Guillain-Barré Syndrome

GBS is often triggered by infections, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and in some cases, vaccinations. It affects people of all ages and progresses rapidly, requiring immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of GBS

• Muscle weakness, starting from the legs and progressing upwards

• Tingling or numbness in extremities

• Loss of reflexes

• Difficulty in breathing and swallowing (severe cases)

• Fatigue and pain

Phases of GBS

1. Acute Phase (1-4 weeks): Rapid onset of symptoms, requiring hospitalization.

2. Plateau Phase (Days to Weeks): Symptoms stabilize but remain severe.

3. Recovery Phase (Months to Years): Gradual improvement with rehabilitation support.

Physiotherapy Management of GBS

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in every phase of GBS recovery, focusing on muscle strength, mobility, and functional independence.

1. Acute Phase (Hospitalization Period)

Goals:

• Prevent complications such as pressure sores, contractures, and respiratory issues.

• Maintain joint mobility and circulation.

• Gentle passive range of motion (PROM) exercises.

• Respiratory physiotherapy to improve lung function and prevent infections.

• Positioning techniques to reduce pressure sores and maintain postural alignment.

2. Plateau Phase

Goals:

• Prevent muscle stiffness and joint contractures.

• Start active-assisted exercises as tolerated.

• Introduce gentle breathing exercises and postural drainage techniques.

• Prevent secondary complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

3. Recovery Phase

Goals:

• Gradual strengthening and endurance training.

• Functional retraining for activities of daily living (ADLs).

• Gait training with assistive devices if needed.

• Balance and coordination exercises to improve proprioception.

• Fatigue management with graded exercise programs.

• Hydrotherapy (if available) for low-impact strength training.

The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach

GBS recovery is best managed with a team approach, including neurologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists. Psychological support is crucial, as many patients experience emotional distress due to sudden paralysis and dependence on caregivers.

Conclusion

Guillain-Barré Syndrome can be a life-altering condition, but with timely medical care and structured physiotherapy, patients can regain mobility and independence. A well-planned rehabilitation program enhances neuromuscular recovery, prevents complications, and improves the overall quality of life.

At Ritus Ascend Rehab and Fitness Centre, we specialize in tailored physiotherapy programs to support GBS recovery. If you or your loved ones  are dealing with GBS, consult our experts for a comprehensive rehabilitation plan.